Combined Effects of A Body Shape Index and Serum C-reactive Protein on Ischemic Stroke Incidence among Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#We aimed to evaluate the combined effects of a high body shape index (ABSI) and a high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a Mongolian population in China.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,589 participants from June 2002 to July 2012 in Inner Mongolia, China. The participants were categorized into 4 groups according to their level of ABSI and CRP. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ischemic stroke among all groups.@*RESULTS@#The multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke for high ABSI and high CRP level were 1.46 (0.89-2.39) and 1.63 (0.95-2.79), respectively. Compared with the low ABSI/low CRP level group, the multivariate adjusted HRs (95% CI) of ischemic stroke in the low ABSI/high CRP, high ABSI/low CRP, and high ABSI/high CRP groups were 1.04 (0.46-2.35), 1.06 (0.58-1.95) and 2.52 (1.27-5.00), respectively. The HR of ischemic stroke for the high ABSI/high CRP level group was the highest and most statistically significant.@*CONCLUSION@#We found that participants with simultaneously high ABSI and high CRP levels had the highest risk of ischemic stroke in the Mongolian population. Our findings suggest that the combination of high ABSI and high CRP levels may increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

Validation of the China-PAR Equations for Cardio-cerebrovascular Risk Prediction in the Inner Mongolian Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the China-PAR equations in predicting the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Inner Mongolians population. A population-based, prospective cohort of 2,589 Mongolians were followed up from 2003 to 2012. Participants were categorized into 4 subgroups according to their 10-year CVD risks calculated using the China-PAR equations: < 5%, 5%-9.9%, 10%-19.9%, and ⪖ 20%. The China-PAR equations discriminated well with good C statistics (range, 0.76-0.86). The adjusted hazard ratios for CVD showed an increasing trend among the 4 subgroups (P for trend < 0.01). However, the China-PAR equations underestimated the 10-year CVD risk in Mongolians, and the calibration was unsatisfactory (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 19.98, P < 0.01 for men, χ2 = 46.58, P < 0.001 for women). The performance of the China-PAR equations warrants further validation in other ethnic groups in China.

Combined Effects of Family History of Cardiovascular Disease and Serum C-reactive Protein Level on the Risk of Stroke: A 9.2-year Prospective Study among Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to evaluate the combined effect of a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) on the stroke incidence in an Inner Mongolian population in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2002 to July 2012, with 2,544 participants aged 20 years and over from Inner Mongolia, China. We categorized participants into four groups based on the family history of CVD and CRP levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We adjusted for age; sex; smoking; drinking; hypertension; body mass index; waist circumference; and blood glucose, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Compared with the group with no family history of CVD/low CRP levels, the group with family history of CVD/high CRP levels had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-3.07; P = 0.039] of stroke, and an HR of 2.14 (95% CI, 1.09-4.20; P = 0.027) of ischemic stroke. The HRs of hemorrhagic stroke for the other three groups were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Participants with both a family history of CVD and high CRP levels had the highest stroke incidence, suggesting that high CRP levels may increase stroke risk, especially of ischemic stroke, among individuals with a family history of CVD.</p>

C-reactive Protein Level, Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio, and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) or coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2003 to July 2012, 2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation. All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein (CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HRs (95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33 (0.84-2.12), 1.14 (0.69-1.88), and 1.91 (1.17-3.11) in the 'low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1', 'high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1', and 'high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups, respectively, in comparison with the 'low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup. The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the 'high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup, with statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population. This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.</p>

Influence of serum storage on the laboratory results of prostate-specific antigen / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of serum storage on the laboratory results of serum T-PSA, F-PSA and FPSA%.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using automated chemiluminescence, we detected and compared the values of serum T-PSA, F-PSA and F-PSA% in the serum stored in different conditions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the serum was stored at 4 degrees C or at the room temperature (22 - 26 degrees C), FPSA was unstable as compared with T-PSA. Compared with the initial value, after 4 hours at the room temperature, F-PSA was decreased to (0.392 +/- 0.246) microg/L (P < 0.01), while T-PSA and F-PSA% to (1.522 +/- 1.085) microg/L and (25.03 +/- 5.94)%, respectively, with no significant difference; after 8 hours at the room temperature, T-PSA and F-PSA were reduced to (1.513 +/- 1.083) and (0.389 +/- 0.247) microg/L (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). At 4 degrees C, T-PSA, F-PSA and F-PSA% were decreased to (9.418 +/- 7.965) microg/L, (2.168 +/- 1.558) micro/L and (26.6 +/- 6.63)%, respectively, after 2 days (P < 0.05), and to (9.203 +/- 7.736) microg/L, (2.047 +/- 1.478) microg/L and (25.64 +/- 6.56)% after 1 week (P < 0.01). At -40 degrees C, T-PSA, F-PSA and F-PSA% were (4.532 +/- 4.393) microg/L, (1.178 +/- 1.034) microg/L and (24.45 +/- 8.81)% after 4 weeks. When the serum was stored at -40 degrees C and after 3 freeze-thaws, F-PSA and T-PSA were (5.982 +/- 5.314) and (1.341 +/- 1.029) microg/L, respectively, with no significant difference from the initial values.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different conditions of serum storage have different influences on the laboratory results of serum TPSA, F-PSA and F-PSA%, more on F-PSA than on T-PSA, while F-PSA% is relatively stable. At -40 degrees C, T-PSA and F-PSA may remain stable for a month at least. Repeated freeze-thaws of the serum do not affect the laboratory results of F-PSA and T-PSA.</p>

Z scores for growth and development, physical fitness, and the relationship between them in 362 preschool children in Yantai City, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the Z scores for growth and development, physical fitness, and the relationship between them in preschool children in Yantai City, China, and to provide scientific evidence for health care in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 362 children aged 3 to 4 years, whose data were recorded in the National Physical Fitness Survey in Yantai in 2010, were included in the study. Z scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age and body mass index-for-age were calculated. The relationship between Z scores and physical fitness was determined by Pearson's correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean Z scores were all positive numbers. The prevalence rates of underweight and growth retardation were very low, but that of obesity was relatively high (up to 16.5% in 4-year-old boys). There were differences in physical fitness between children of different ages and between boys and girls (P<0.05). The Z scores showed correlation with some physical fitness indices (P<0.05), but they were not closely correlated as the value of r was not more than 0.30.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Z scores for growth and development remain at relatively high levels in preschool children in Yantai. The physical fitness is associated with age and gender in these children. There are weak correlations between Z scores and some physical fitness indices. Effective measures should be taken to adjust dietary habits and promote exercise for children, thus preventing obesity and improving physical fitness.</p>

Clustering of inflammatory biomarkers and risk of hypertension in a Mongolian population in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>There is little knowledge on whether there is clustering of inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule1-1 (sICAM-1), and angiotensin II (Ang II), in individuals with hypertension in the Mongolian population. In the present study, we investigated this relationship in a Mongolian population in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2589 adult Mongolians, aged 20 years and older, were recruited as study participants. Data on demographics, lifestyle, family history of hypertension, blood pressure, and blood chemistry were collected, and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in all participants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of subjects with increased levels of two or three biomarkers was significantly higher in those with hypertension (21.0% and 6.0%, respectively) than in those with prehypertension (12.7% and 0.5%, respectively) or normotension (8.1% and 0.2%, respectively). The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with increased levels of one, two or three biomarkers were 0.94 (0.72-1.22), 1.42 (0.93-2.16), and 11.08 (1.45-84.80), respectively, compared with subjects with no increase in any biomarker.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypertension was associated with a cluster of inflammatory biomarkers in the Mongolian population.</p>

Genetic polymorphism of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the Inner Mongolian population / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene frequencies and genotypes distributions in the Inner Mongolian population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety genomic DNA samples were extracted from blood samples of randomly chosen Mongolian individuals. Gene-specific PCR amplification was used to identify genes present or absent for 16 KIR loci. KIR genotype distributions were obtained and compared to that of 24 populations published in literatures using principal component analysis by SAS8.0 software. Genetic tree was constructed by the calculate Nei's genetic distance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The frequency of KIR 2DL2, 2DS2 in Mongolian individual is higher than that in north Mongoloid and less than that in Caucasian. (2) Haplotype AA was identified in 37.78% of individuals, which is higher than that in north Mongoloid and lower than that in Caucasian. (3) Mongolian was considered between north Mongoloid and Caucasian by principal component and genetic tree analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mongolian might be affected by the north Mongoloid and Caucasian, and showed intermediate between the two populations.</p>

An update of the markers for prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Prostate cancer is one of the most familiar malignancies in the male urinary system, and its incidence is on the rise in China in recent years. As a most commonly used marker for prostate cancer detection, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has a high organic but a low carcinomatous specificity, and its clinical application value needs to be reestimated. Many studies have been devoted to the finding of new markers for prostate cancer and some achievements already obtained. This article approaches the markers for prostate cancer in three aspects, DNA, RNA and protein, hoping to offer a new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Effect of transfection of recombinant human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in vitro / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of transfection of recombinant human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) into human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFbs), and to observe NO secretion and the synthesis of collagen I and III.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant human eNOS with karyocyte expressive vector was constructed in vitro, then was transfected into HSFbs which was isolated from hypertrophic scar tissues and cultured in vitro (T group). The HSFbs untransfected (normal culture) or transfected with empty-vector was used as control group and empty-vector group respectively. The mRNA expression of eNOS, collagen I and III was determined by Realtime PCR. The content of NO was determined by NO assay kit.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of eNOS mRNA in T group was 5.92 +/- 0.21, which was obviously higher than that in empty-vector group (0.98 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05). The expression of collagen I mRNA (0.76 +/- 0.15), and collagen III (0.79 +/- 0.08) in T group was significantly lower than those in empty-vector group (0.98 +/- 0.15, 1.02 +/- 0.12, P < 0.05, respectively). The content of NO in T group (36.1 +/- 0.8 micromol/L) was obviously higher than that in empty-vector group (28.4 +/- 1.0 micromol/L, P < 0.01) and control group (27.7 +/- 1.3 micromol/L, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HSFbs can be the target cells for eNOS gene transfection. The transfected cells can express eNOS and produce NO, which inhibit the synthesis of collagen.</p>

Effect of nerve growth factor on the promotion of sensory recovery of large skin graft in patients / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of topical application of nerve growth factor (NGF) on nerve ending regeneration of large skin grafts in patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty wounds from 48 adult patients with small or moderate burn area and scar excision were randomly divided into NGF and control groups, with 30 wounds in each group. The wounds in control group were treated with simple saline solution, while those in NGF group, the graft was first wrapped in a piece of gauze holding 100 ml saline solution containing 9000 AU NGF before operation, and then flushed with same amount of NGF saline underneath skin after application of the graft. From 20 post-operative day on, NGF was injected at multiple points every other day for one month. In control group, only normal saline was used. The texture of the graft, pain sensation, temperature and two - point discrimination, BMRC grade were observed for 12 months. Skin specimens were obtained from 6 wounds in control group, 5 wounds in NGF group, and 4 specimens from normal skin for immunohistological examination of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), synaptophysin (SYN), and neuron specific enolase (NSE). The nerve endings regeneration and distribution were also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in control group, each index of feeling recovered earlier and better in NGF group, with better two - point discrimination ratio and BMRC grade. One year after operation, 17 skin grafts in NGF group reached S4 grade, with two - point discrimination ratio of 1.11 +/- 0.14, while only 5 grafts in control group reached S4 grade, with two - point discrimination ratio of 1.56 +/- 0.73. Six months after operation, rich nerve endings, with integral adnexae were observed in microvascular bed of skin - graft region and tissue interspace around fibromas tissue in subcutaneous tissue in NGF group, while nerve endings were found to be scanty and slender in subcutaneous tissue in control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Local application of NGF can promote nerve regeneration and sensory recovery of grafted skin.</p>